Basic Concepts of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Basic Concepts of Criminal Law - Essay Example The Penal Code puts a duty to a persons holding or having in his care such a weapon not to endanger the live so the members of the public. It states that " it is the duty of every person who has within his charge or under his control anything, whether living or inanimate and weather moving or stationary, of such a nature that, in the absence of care or precaution in its use or management , the life, safety or health of any person maybe endangered , to use reasonable care and take reasonable precautions to avoid the danger; and he shall be deemed to have caused any consequences which adversely affect the life or health of any persons by reason of any omission to perform that duty. Further, and read together with the same provisions aforementioned, the same act provides that, "Any person, who with intent to maim, disfigure or disable any person, or to do some grievous harm to any person unlawfully wounds or does any grievous harm to any person by any means whatever is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for life, with or without corporal punishment. The same sentiments are captured by the provisions of sections 234 of the same Act. In this regard, it would be prudent for the client to obtain all the relevant legal requirements if only to escape the imposed sanctions for breach of the same. Factoring the foregoing, it is evident that, in as much as self defence may be a good defence in criminal proceedings, reasonable care ought to be observed in the use of such a weapon and one must not be negligent or reckless in its use. In this regard when it comes to causing another's physical injury, there are at least three ways that our behaviour could lead not only to financial liability, but also criminal liability for example: A person is guilty of assault when: 1. With intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person; or 2. He recklessly causes physical injury to another person; or 3. With criminal negligence, he causes physical injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument. A person acts with criminal negligence with respect to a result or to a circumstance described by a statute defining an offence when he fails to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result will occur or that such circumstance exists. The risk must be of such nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would observe in the situation. Negligence is the failure to act reasonably. But we all fail to act reasonably at times. And in unfortunate cases, it could lead to harm. Should we go to prison in such cases If every time we acted unreasonably we went to prison, we would all spend time behind bars. Even if we

League of Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

League of Nations - Essay Example This party rejected the collective League system. This was a product of Mosley's and it would serve as a historical debate later. The article is informative and interesting in light of the various aspects of the League of Nations. Henig, Ruth. "A League of its Own." History Today. 60.2 (2010): 3-4. This article focuses on the historical issues surrounding the League of Nations. The author points out that the League was a failure because they attempted to create a peace making organization at the close of WWI. The problem was that the League could not stop people from going into WWII. The author discussions both historical and contemporary ideas about the League and suggests some of the reasons why it may have been a failure in what it was attempting to do. The article looks at 80 years of history and gives a synopsis of why the League had the challenges that it did at that time. The author does explain how the League was a precursor to international collaboration and how it brought c ountries together. Leppanen, Katarina. "The Conflicting Interests of Women's Organizations and the League of Nations on the Question of Married Women's Nationality in the 1930s". NORA: Nordic Journal of Women's Studies. 17.4 (2009): 240-255. This article presents information on the inter-war years when the League of Nations was just beginning. The article talks about the first conference that happened in The Hague.

Chinese and Japanese Immigrants and the California Dream Essays

In the 1850’s, Chinese immigrants began entering California in search of gold and the California dream. They had heard that California was the new frontier, a frontier that would provide them with the opportunity for economic riches. Young and ambitious, many of these Chinese immigrants quickly married in their homeland and set out for the gold rush, promising to return (with wealth). Likewise, in the 1880s, when the state of California was undergoing rapid economic transformation, Japanese immigrants — just as young and ambitious as their Chinese counterparts — set out for America where they had heard the streets were â€Å"paved with gold.† But little did these Chinese and Japanese immigrants know that what they would discover in California would not be gold and riches, nor wealth and opportunity, but a hostile land that would accept them as half-humans and treat them as slaves. In the end, faced with systematic oppression, societal discrimination, racis t laws, and outright violence, these immigrants would be forced to inhabit various ethnic enclaves and communities to protect themselves from the dominant culture that would eventually strip them of their identity, sexuality, and family. In essence, they would be stripped of all the building blocks of a true community. Immigration In 1852, attracted by the discovery of gold, more than 20,000 Chinese immigrants passed through the San Francisco Customs House to the gold fields in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Between 1867 and 1870, partly in response to recruitment efforts by the Central Pacific Railroad Company, which was building the western section of the first transcontinental railroad, some additional 10,000 poured into California (Chan 1991). The added presence of so ma... ...g how far removed from the Californian dream of wealth and well-being Asian immigrants had become. References Book, S. W. (1976). The Chinese in Butte County, California, 1860–1920. San Francisco: R and E Research Associates. Chan, S. (1991). Asian Americans: An interpretive history. New York: Twayne Publishers. Cole, C. L. (1973). A history of the Japanese community in Sacramento, 1883–1972. Diss. California State University, Sacramento. Gillenkrik, J. and Motlow, J. (1987). Bitter melon: Inside America’s last rural Chinese town. Berkeley: Heyday books. Lukes, T. J. and Okihiro, G. Y. (1985). Japanese legacy. California History Center. Matsui, S. (1919). Economic aspects of the Japanese situation in California. Diss. University of California at Berkeley. Nee, V. G. and Nee, B. D. (1974). Longtime Californ’. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Matrix Movie Review

Brad Davies Sociology 11:00-12:15 a. m. MW 2/20/2010 Swanson Movie Paper 1) In the movie The Matrix, Keanu reeve stars as a character whose world is based on a futuristic reality. This fact plays the role to why this movie demonstrates social imagination. The basis is that the individuals in the movie have to be aware of their enemies, the machines and artificial intelligence. Social imagination is also expressed through the virtual reality the humans go into where they have certain advantages that they wouldn’t have in the real world.The environment determines the reality of the characters in many ways. In The Matrix, that was created by computers to limit and reduce the human population, reeves character forms a rebellion against the machines with others who escaped the cyber world. When he enters the matrix, he continues his constant struggle with Agent Smith, a virtual character created by the machines to destroy Reeves. These, I believe, are good examples of the social im agination. ) The deception of this movie is that the future, many movie producers believe, we humans will be at some sort of worldwide war with artificial intelligence.Along with the characters in the movie, the writers, producers, and directors are the ones who created this deception. The Matrix, which is the â€Å"fake reality†, is created through the minds of the characters by the means of technology. The advancement in technology that the movie portrays is the basis behind the â€Å"artificial reality. I believe, after viewing the movie, the main characters figure out the difference between fact and fiction by simply going through the metamorphous of the real world and the matrix. I feel that the reality of this movie is the possibility that the future of the humans may indeed involve a conflict with machines, artificial intelligence, and/or the entire cyber world. 3) Yes, I do believe that it is possible to create a separate reality in our minds. People do this every da y through hypnosis.When people go â€Å"under† and it is said that their conscious minds are released. This is done so that we can escape our very stressful, worrisome, everyday lives. Our minds are endless and we go through hypnosis, we can explore the unexplored of our inner-conscious. When it comes to create a â€Å"fake reality† like the matrix in our minds and live in it, I don’t think it’s possible, without the help of some sort of machine or computer basis. I’m sure some people try to do this, but nothing can compare to the reality portrayed in the movie. )I did like The Matrix, along with the rest of the trilogy, because of the Sci-fi, fictional baseline. It is pretty cool to think about what it would be like if we could actually hook up to a computer and travel into a different world. This assignment was pretty tricky and I really hope that I nailed all the key points and that my examples make sense and go along with the questions. I think the class is going fairly well so far. Can’t go wrong with learning new things every day!

Australia Does Not Have Its Own Culture Essay examples

Australian culture has vanished and turned into multiculturalism. There is no longer a typical Australian culture, but it has been replaced by a melting pot of diversity. There is no longer a typical Australian food, instead it has imported and embraced cuisines from around the world. There is no longer a typical Australian life instead each immigrant can have their own culture in Australia. There are few national holidays and festivals that are unique to Australia, but rather have come from other cultures. To get a better understanding of this, culture is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as: ‘The behaviour and beliefs, characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group’, and ‘the appreciation and understanding of literature,†¦show more content†¦So what’s so unique about that? Therefore, there is no longer a typical Australian food as the foods have come from many various cultures. Secondly, Australia consists of many cultures where each cultural group is allowed to have their own unique culture without integrating with Australian people. One could come from China and not even have to speak English because there are so many Chinese people in Australia over 1,950,000 Chinese live in Australia. Since Australia has many mixed cultures one could have their own culture in Australia. So many immigrants have come in a short space of time from over 226 different cultures thus diluting Australia’s original culture. Migrants have enriched almost every aspect of Australian life, from business to the arts, from cooking to comedy and from science to sport. Australia’s laws allow immigrants to express their own culture here. This all the more showing that Australia consists of many diverse cultures and that immigrants have changed the lifestyle in Australia. Lastly, most, if not all of Australia’s national holidays and festivals, have come from diverse cultures. Six of the main festivals celebrated in Australia are Chinese New Year, Oz Asia festivals, Christmas pageant, Brisbane’s French Experience, St Patrick’s Day, and Australia Day. Quite frankly not one of those festivals can teach someone a single thing about Australian culture but rather other cultures. Out of those sixShow MoreRelatedCulture of Australia and Corporate Social Responsibility906 Words   |  4 Pagesprocesses, by contributing educational and social programs, and by earning adequate returns on the employed resources. CSR is also considered as a strategy to create, develop and sustain positive company reputation and brand images. BreadTalk who owns businesses in China had practiced in CSR programme during one of the world’s most horrifying disasters – the Sichuan earthquake which happened on 12th May 2008. BreadTalk specially created Peace Panda, a Panda Bear shaped bun with four different expressionsRead MoreAustralia Is Experiencing A True Predicament1342 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia is experiencing a true predicament. Australians feel that the nation does not have a clear nation identity. This failure to do so has left the country in a state of discontent. If a national identity is an idea constructed by modern nation-states to identify real or imagined commonalities in order to unite a population (Flayhive 2007). Australia is missing a national identity, as the country has yet to construct its own national identity. This lack of a clear national identity can largelyRead MoreAustralia Is A Federal Parliamentary Democracy1631 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia is a federal parliamentary democr acy. It comes with a variety of people, religions, etc. They have native people living there known as Aborigines and the Torres Strait Islanders. 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Special management considerations and recommendations for small businesses and entrepreneursRead MoreAustralian Culture : Australia, Australian Icon, Sport, Politics, And Culture Of Australia1595 Words   |  7 PagesIt includes discussions such as indigenous culture of Australia, Australian Icon, sport, politics, slangs, icons, curriculum and ancient history of Australia. This document is intended to give a brief review on these selected topics from an Australian point of view. Exercise 1: Australian Indigenous Culture: Indigenous Australia is not just one particular group. Islanders and aboriginals altogether have different thoughts, beliefs and ideas. The culture is a blend of contemporary and traditionalRead MoreGeert Hofstedes Five Dimensions of National Culture - Australia1176 Words   |  5 PagesAustralian culture has become the product of a distinct blend of established traditions and new influences. 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GenerallyRead MoreThe Legal Constitution Of Australia Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The legal constitution of Australia was developed by the multiple principles of the British and the United States of America1. However, a major factor that was eliminated from these principles was the notion of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights main purpose is to affirm, protect, promote human rights and fundamental freedoms1. Australia does not have a Bill of Rights, since it has been ascertained that the citizens of Australia are protected by common law and legislation2. It isRead MoreAmerican Culture And Business Culture1719 Words   |  7 Pagesbe argued that culture shapes the way business is done in a country. The country that is focused in this report is America. It also discusses on the major distinguishing features of American culture and business culture in comparison to current Australian culture. The impact that culture has on business performance is also taken into consideration and how this affects the performance of the staff members and their work. In addition, this report also includes concepts where Australia as a country couldRead MoreThe Concept Of Tracking Is An Essential Skill To The Aboriginal1564 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of tracking is an essential skill to the Aboriginal trackers in Australia. Before the colonization of the white settlers, tracking was a traditional trade skill in the lives of the Aboriginal people needed to survive in the environment of Australia. Soon after, tracking became a significant role in Aboriginal history because it molded the relationship between the Aboriginals and the white settlers. In the movie adaptation of the novel Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence, the tracker illustrates

Is It Right for Vegans to Eat Honey

Animal rights activists and vegans are faced with a kind of dilemma when it comes to honey. Since vegans don’t include anything other than plant-based foods to meet their nutritional needs, honey is (at least in theory) off the menu. But its not that simple: many vegans argue that there are excellent reasons for eating honey. While it’s true that bees are not killed for their honey, hard-core vegans argue that because honey comes from bees and bees are animals,  honey is an animal product  and therefore not vegan. It’s the product of exploitation of an animal, which makes it an animal-rights issue. On the other hand, many argue that other forms of sweetener and virtually all forms of agriculture involve the killing of insects; in fact, keeping bees and eating honey may cause less pain and fewer bee deaths than avoiding honey. What Is Honey? Honey is made out of flower nectar by honey bees, in a  two-step process  involving two types of bees: older worker bees and young hive bees. Thousands of bees work together to produce hundreds of pounds of honey over the course of a year. The older worker bees gather nectar from flowers and swallow it. The bees then regurgitate the nectar when they return to the hive and the younger bees swallow it. The younger bees then regurgitate it into a cell of the honeycomb and fan the honey with their wings to dry it before capping it with beeswax. The  purpose  of turning nectar into honey is to store the sugars to be consumed in the future. The bees convert the nectar to honey because nectar would ferment if it were stored. Why Dont Some Vegans Eat Honey? Keeping bees  for commercial or hobby purposes violates the bees rights to be free of human exploitation. As with  companion animals  or  other farmed animals, breeding, buying, and selling animals violates the animals rights to live  free of human use and exploitation,  and bees are commercially bred, bought and sold. In addition to  keeping bees, taking their honey is also exploitative. While beekeepers will say that they leave plenty of honey for the bees, the honey belongs to the bees. And, when more honey is needed for the beekeeper to make a profit, they may not leave plenty of honey behind for the bees. They may, instead, leave behind a substitute, basically, sugar water, which is not nearly as rich in nutrients as the honey. Furthermore, some bees are killed every time the beekeeper smokes the bees out of their hive and takes their honey. These deaths are an additional reason to boycott honey; even if no bees were killed during honey collection, the exploitation of the bees would, for some vegans, be reason enough. Bees and Animal Rights While  experts disagree  as to whether insects feel pain, studies have shown that some insects  avoid negative stimuli  and have a  more complex social life  than previously believed. Because insects may be sentient and it costs us practically nothing to respect their rights and avoid insect products like honey,  silk,  or  carmine, vegans abstain from insect products. There are, however, some self-described vegans who do eat honey and argue that  insects are killed in other types of agriculture, so they are reluctant to draw the line at honey. Pure vegans point out the line between intentional exploitation and incidental killings, and beekeeping falls into the former category.   The Other Side of the Argument But do vegans necessarily have to avoid honey? Surprisingly Michael Greger, M.D, one of the leaders of the animal rights movement and a well-respected author, physician and vegan nutrition specialist writes in his blog for  Satya, â€Å"A certain number of bees are undeniably killed by honey production, but far more insects are killed, for example, in sugar production. And if we really cared about bugs we would never again eat anything either at home or in a restaurant that wasn’t strictly organically grown—after all, killing bugs is what pesticides do best. And organic production uses pesticides too (albeit â€Å"natural†). Researchers measure up to approximately 10,000 bugs per square foot of soil — that’s over 400 million per acre, 250 trillion per square mile. Even â€Å"veganically† grown produce involves the deaths of countless bugs in lost habitat, tilling, harvesting and transportation. We probably kill more bugs driving to the gro cery store to get some honey-sweetened product than are killed in the product’s production.† Hes also concerned that over-zealous vegans will turn off a lot of potential new vegans because it makes our movement look radical if even bees (bugs) are considered sacred. He makes the point that most non-vegan, self-titled animal lovers may be persuaded to adopt a vegan diet if we appeal to their love of animals. But forcing new vegans to give up honey may be going a little too far. Dr. Greger makes a good point when he says that for every potential vegan we lose because of our rigidity, millions of food animals continue to suffer because that would-be vegan has decided its just too weird or complicated to try a vegan diet and, after all, inertia is so much easier.   Colony Collapse  Disorder Scientists are still trying to sort out the mysterious problem of Colony Collapse Disorder. Bees are dying at an alarming rate, and entomologists are finding dead bees and mostly unpopulated hives in all parts of the country. From an animal rights standpoint, it’s imperative that this catastrophic state of affairs be sorted out before more animals die. From the standpoint of a human being who depends upon agriculture to put food on the table, it’s essential this problem be solved since bee pollination is what makes plants grow. Ethical Beekeepers But what if we could solve the problem of CCD and create a vegan honey that’s ethical enough for even  hard-core vegans to approve at the same time? If you are a vegan who likes a little honey with your hot tea, you may be in luck. Ethical, organic and enlightened beekeepers are starting to challenge the status quo and in the process, may be helping to put a stop to CCD by starting up new colonies and keeping a close eye on them. In an article published in Elephant Journal, a website about enlightened living; writer and beekeeper Will Curley argues that keeping bees can be non-exploitative whether you are profiting from their honey or not. He writes: â€Å"As with all things, there are shades of gray in the morality of producing and eating honey. Not all honey is cruelly produced, nor is all honey ethically produced. The important thing is that  some  beekeepers consistently put their bees and the health of the environment first.† If you want to help the effort to restore the population of honeybees to pre-CCD numbers but don’t want an actual hive of your own, the USDA recommends the following solutions the general public can implement. Plant lots of bee-friendly plants that make bees happy. A quick Google search for plants that thrive in your area will help you make a list. Also, avoid using pesticides as much as possible, opting for organic gardening and using â€Å"friendly bugs† to devour the harmful bugs.

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms And Symptoms - 831 Words

Bipolar Disorder Definition A disorder associated with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. Formerly called manic depression. When a client becomes depressed, he or she may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. Bipolar disorder is a disruptive long-term condition, clients can keep his or her mood swings in check by following a strict treatment plan. Causes Biological differences: people with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in his or her brain; Neurotransmitters: an imbalance in naturally occurring brain chemical called neurotransmitters seem to play a significant role in bipolar disorders and other mood disorders; Inherited traits: more common in people who have a first†¦show more content†¦Treatment Initial treatment- start taking medications to balance mood immediately; continued treatment- lifelong treatment even when he or she feels better; day treatment programs- provide support and counseling to get feelings under control; substance abuse programs- difficult to manage bipolar disorder with other problems; hospitalization- getting psychiatric help at a hospital can help keep the client calm and safe and stabilize his or her mood Medications Mood Stabilizers: Lithium (Lithobid), valproicacid (Depakene), dival proex sodium (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), Lamstrigine (Lamictal) Antipsychotics: Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Risperidone (Risperdal), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Ariprazoe (Abilify), Ziprasidone (Geodon), Lurasidone (Latuda), Asenapine (Saphris) Anti-Depressants: Vortioxetine (Brintellix), Imipramine (Tofranil) Nortriptyline (Pamelor) Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy: identifying